Les Templiers   Procès Jules Michelet   Les Croisades

Le Procès des Templiers rédigé par Jules Michelet

    The Project Gutenberg EBook of Le PROCÈS des Templiers, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
    Title: Le PROCÈS des Templiers Tome I.
    Author: Various
    Editor: Jules Michelet
    Release Date: October 8, 2007 [EBook #22919]
    Language: Latin
    Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
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    PROCÈS DES TEMPLIERS

    PUBLIE PAR M. MICHELET MEMBRE DE L'INSTITUT, PROFESSEUR AU COLLÈGE ROYAL DE FRANCE
    CHEF DE LA SECTION HISTORIQUE AUX ARCHIVES DU ROYAUME
    Templiers.net

    TOME I


    PARIS IMPRIMERIE ROYALE M DCCC XLI

    COLLECTION DE DOCUMENTS INEDITS SUR L'HISTOIRE DE FRANCE
    PUBLIES PAR ORDRE DU ROI
    ET PAR LES SOINS
    DU MINISTRE DE L'INSTRUCTION PUBLIQUE
    PREMIèRE SERIE
    HISTOIRE POLITIQUE

    Nous publions dans ce volume et dans les premières feuilles du suivant l'acte le plus important du PROCÈS des Templiers. C'est l'interrogatoire que le Grand Maître et deux cent trente et un chevaliers ou frères servants subirent à Paris par-devant les commissaires pontificaux.

    Cet interrogatoire fut conduit lentement, et avec beaucoup de ménagement et de douceur, par de hauts dignitaires ecclésiastiques, un archevêque, plusieurs Evêques, etc. Les dépositions obtenues ainsi méritent plus de confiance que les aveux, d'ailleurs très-brefs, uniformes et peu instructifs, que les inquisiteurs et les gens du Roi avaient arrachés par la torture, immédiatement après l'arrestation.

    Il reste deux manuscrits authentiques du grand interrogatoire. L'un, copie sur velin, fut envoyé au pape, et il est enfermé sous la triple clef du Vatican. L'autre, sur simple papier, fut déposé au trésor de Notre-Dame de Paris. A en juger par les surcharges et les ratures, celui-ci pourrait bien avoir été une rédaction primitive faite jour par jour sur les notes d'audience.

    Il porte à la dernière page les mots suivants: « Pour surcroît de précaution, nous avons déposé ladite procédure, rédigée par un des notaires en acte authentique, dans le trésor de Notre-Dame de Paris, pour n'être exhibée à personne que sur lettres spéciales de Votre Sainteté. »

    A quelle époque le mystérieux registre fut-il tiré de Notre-Dame ? Nous l'ignorons. Si nous en croyons du Puy (reg. 746, p. 165), il se trouvait au XVIe siècle dans la bibliothèque du président Brisson. De là il passa dans les mains de M. Servin, avocat général, enfin dans celles des Harlay. Au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, M. de Harlay le légua avec ses manuscrits aux bénédictins de Saint-Germain des Prés. Ayant heureusement échappé à l'incendie de leur bibliothèque en 1793, il a été déposé à la Bibliothèque royale, fonds Harlay, no 49.

    Si ce monument de scandale était resté enfoui au trésor de Notre-Dame, ce n'est pas nous qui l'en aurions fait sortir. Mais il en a été tiré depuis longtemps; depuis longtemps il est connu par de courts extraits, par des citations partielles, choisies selon des vues différentes. Les savants hommes qui les premiers n'ont pas craint de le divulguer, y cherchaient uniquement, quelle que fût leur bonne foi, ce qui pouvait appuyer deux systèmes, deux plaidoyers opposés. Ils ont montré et ils ont caché; le scandale n'en a été que plus grand.

    Mieux valait publier tout, donner les pièces, les actes en entier. Cette grande affaire, la plus grave peut-être du moyen âge, devait, pour être traitée gravement, se présenter à la critique dans l'intégralité de ses détails (omnia munda mundis), dans sa vérité naïve et terrible.

    Désormais le lecteur pourra juger lui-même. Nous lui remettons entre les mains le plus ancien PROCÈS criminel dont il reste une instruction détaillée. Cette instruction se trouve être une sorte d'enquête singulièrement curieuse sur l'histoire des rites, des mœurs, des usages.

    Tout identiques que sont les questions, tout uniformes de style que peuvent sembler les réponses dans le latin monotone du notaire apostolique, l'observateur sérieux verra, non sans intérêt, l'individualité humaine se produire encore sous cette lourde enveloppe avec le naturel, la variété, les accidents de la vie, souvent avec le mouvement imprévu de la passion... Cette diversité des détails sera peut-être pour le critique un motif d'accorder quelque créance à ce que les assertions capitales présentent de concordant.

    Nous avons religieusement reproduit le seul manuscrit de cet interrogatoire que nous eussions entre les mains. Nous l'avons suivi, copié, même dans ses dispositions matérielles les plus insignifiantes au premier coup d'oeil1, même dans ses nombreuses fautes de langue et d'orthographe2. Si nous obtenions plus tard communication d'un autre manuscrit du même acte, nous nous empresserions de faire connaître les variantes qu'il pourrait offrir.

    Avant de publier les nombreuses pièces encore inédites du PROCÈS des Templiers3, que possèdent les Archives du royaume et la Bibliothèque royale, nous faisons appel à l'obligeance des savants nationaux et étrangers. Nous espérons qu'ils voudront bien nous faire connaître les actes relatifs au même sujet qui se trouveraient dans les diverses archives, bibliothèques et autres dépôts publics.

    La série des pièces une fois complétée et ordonnée, nous pourrons essayer de les apprécier, d'en déterminer la valeur, enfin de résumer le PROCÈS, d'en donner le sens historique, et de mieux motiver le jugement que nous avons hasardé ailleurs sur une si vaste et si obscure question.

    31 janvier 1841.

    NOTES

    [1] Par exemple la lacune de la page 273, où on lit: « In ista pagina nichil est scriptum. » Cette lacune indique le moment où les commissaires du pape apprenant que cinquante-quatre Templiers viennent d'être brûlés, suspendent les interrogatoires.

    [2] On trouve dans ces fautes mêmes de précieuses données sur la prononciation du temps: « De capite sibi hostenso. Adhorare, etc. »

    [3]Je partage les travaux de cette publication avec les jeunes et savants employés des Archives du royaume. MM. de Stadler, Castelnau et Laget ont fait la transcription, d'autant plus difficile en certains passages, que le notaire italien défigure assez fréquemment des mots français qu'il latinise sans les comprendre. M. Dessalles a restitué quelques-uns de ces mots dans le passage en langue romane (141-144). M. de Stadler m'a spécialement aidé et dans la révision des épreuves et dans le travail minutieux des tables. La table analytique et la table alphabétique des matières se trouveront à la fin du dernier volume. Je donne seulement ici celle des noms d'hommes et de lieux.



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Les Templiers et Les Croisades de Jack Bocar est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
Fondé(e) sur une oeuvre à http://www.templiers.net/.
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